Classic Roman Cacio e Pepe

Featured in: Comfort Baking

This authentic Roman pasta brings together the sharp, salty notes of Pecorino Romano cheese with the aromatic heat of freshly cracked black pepper. The magic happens when starchy pasta water emulsifies with grated cheese to create a silky, luxurious sauce that clings to every strand. With just three essential ingredients and 25 minutes, you'll master one of Italy's most celebrated dishes.

Updated on Fri, 30 Jan 2026 12:00:37 GMT
Al dente spaghetti coated in a creamy, peppery Cacio e Pepe sauce, served steaming in a white bowl. Save
Al dente spaghetti coated in a creamy, peppery Cacio e Pepe sauce, served steaming in a white bowl. | butterhearth.com

Cacio e Pepe is a legendary Roman pasta dish that celebrates the beauty of simplicity. By combining sharp Pecorino Romano cheese with the bold heat of freshly cracked black pepper, this recipe delivers a creamy, flavorful experience using only a handful of high-quality ingredients. It is a testament to how traditional Italian cooking can create a sophisticated main dish in under 30 minutes.

Al dente spaghetti coated in a creamy, peppery Cacio e Pepe sauce, served steaming in a white bowl. Save
Al dente spaghetti coated in a creamy, peppery Cacio e Pepe sauce, served steaming in a white bowl. | butterhearth.com

The key to this dish is the emulsion created between the finely grated cheese and the starchy pasta cooking water. When done correctly, it forms a velvety sauce that coats every strand of spaghetti without the need for heavy cream.

Ingredients

  • 400 g (14 oz) spaghetti or tonnarelli
  • 120 g (4.2 oz) Pecorino Romano cheese, finely grated
  • 2 tsp whole black peppercorns, freshly cracked
  • 1 tsp kosher salt (for pasta water)
  • 1 tbsp unsalted butter (optional, for extra creaminess)
Product image
Dispense soap hands-free for quick handwashing and easier cleanup while cooking and handling ingredients.
Check price on Amazon

Instructions

Step 1
Bring a large pot of water to a boil. Add salt, then cook the spaghetti until just al dente (about 1 minute less than package instructions). Reserve 1½ cups (350 ml) of pasta cooking water before draining.
Step 2
While the pasta cooks, toast the freshly cracked black pepper in a large, dry skillet over medium heat for about 1 minute, until fragrant.
Step 3
Add 1 cup (240 ml) of reserved hot pasta water to the skillet with the pepper. Reduce heat to low.
Step 4
Add the drained pasta to the skillet and toss to coat, allowing the pasta to absorb some peppery water.
Step 5
Remove the skillet from the heat. Gradually sprinkle in the Pecorino Romano, tossing and stirring vigorously to create a creamy sauce. Add more reserved pasta water, a splash at a time, if the sauce is too thick.
Step 6
If desired, add butter and toss until melted and emulsified.
Step 7
Serve immediately, topped with extra Pecorino Romano and more cracked black pepper.

Zusatztipps für die Zubereitung

Für beste Ergebnisse sollten Sie den Pecorino Romano immer frisch reiben und die Pfefferkörner erst kurz vor dem Kochen mahlen. Vermeiden Sie bereits geriebenen Käse aus der Packung, da dieser Trennmittel enthalten kann, die ein gleichmäßiges Schmelzen verhindern und die Sauce klumpig machen könnten.

Varianten und Anpassungen

Obwohl Spaghetti die gängigste Wahl sind, ist Tonnarelli die traditionelle Pasta für dieses Gericht. Wer es besonders cremig mag, kann einen Esslöffel ungesalzene Butter hinzufügen – auch wenn Traditionalisten dies weglassen würden. Achten Sie bei der Wahl des Käses auf vegetarisches Lab, falls eine strikt vegetarische Ernährung gewünscht ist.

Serviervorschläge

Servieren Sie die Cacio e Pepe sofort, solange sie noch heiß und cremig ist. Garnieren Sie jede Portion mit einer extra Prise Pecorino Romano und frisch gemahlenem Pfeffer. Dazu passt hervorragend ein spritziger italienischer Weißwein wie Frascati.

A skillet toasts black peppercorns for this classic Cacio e Pepe, with a bowl of grated Pecorino nearby. Save
A skillet toasts black peppercorns for this classic Cacio e Pepe, with a bowl of grated Pecorino nearby. | butterhearth.com

Mastering the technique of Cacio e Pepe is a rewarding skill for any home cook. With just a little practice in emulsifying the cheese and water, you can enjoy a restaurant-quality Roman meal in the comfort of your own kitchen.

Product image
Blend smoothies, sauces, dips, and prep ingredients quickly for fast meals and everyday cooking.
Check price on Amazon

Recipe Questions

What type of pasta works best for Cacio e Pepe?

Tonnarelli is the traditional choice, but spaghetti works excellently. Long pasta shapes help the creamy sauce coat each strand evenly for optimal flavor in every bite.

Why is my sauce clumpy instead of creamy?

Remove the pan from heat before adding cheese, and add it gradually while stirring vigorously. The pasta water should be hot but not boiling when mixed with cheese to prevent clumping.

Can I substitute Parmesan for Pecorino Romano?

While Parmesan can be used, Pecorino Romano's sharp, tangy flavor is essential to authentic Cacio e Pepe. Pecorino provides the distinctive bold taste that defines this Roman classic.

How much pasta water should I reserve?

Reserve at least 1½ cups of starchy pasta water. The starch helps create the creamy emulsion, and you can adjust the sauce consistency by adding more water as needed.

Should I toast the black pepper?

Yes, toasting whole cracked peppercorns in a dry skillet for about a minute intensifies their aroma and flavor, adding depth to the finished dish.

Is butter traditional in Cacio e Pepe?

Traditional versions use only cheese, pepper, and pasta water. Butter adds extra richness and creaminess but purists prefer the three-ingredient approach.

Classic Roman Cacio e Pepe

Roman pasta dish with Pecorino Romano cheese, black pepper, and perfectly cooked spaghetti in creamy sauce.

Prep duration
10 min
Time to cook
15 min
Complete duration
25 min
Created by Grace Mitchell


Skill Level Easy

Heritage Italian

Output 4 Portions

Dietary considerations Meat-Free

Components

Pasta

01 14 oz spaghetti or tonnarelli

Cheese

01 4.2 oz Pecorino Romano cheese, finely grated

Seasonings

01 2 teaspoons whole black peppercorns, freshly cracked
02 1 teaspoon kosher salt for pasta water

Optional

01 1 tablespoon unsalted butter for extra creaminess

Directions

Stage 01

Prepare pasta water and cook pasta: Bring a large pot of water to a boil. Add salt, then cook the spaghetti until al dente, approximately 1 minute less than package instructions. Reserve 1.5 cups of pasta cooking water before draining.

Stage 02

Toast black pepper: While the pasta cooks, toast the freshly cracked black pepper in a large dry skillet over medium heat for about 1 minute until fragrant.

Stage 03

Create pepper base: Add 1 cup of reserved hot pasta water to the skillet with the pepper. Reduce heat to low.

Stage 04

Combine pasta and water: Add the drained pasta to the skillet and toss to coat, allowing the pasta to absorb the peppery water.

Stage 05

Emulsify cheese sauce: Remove the skillet from heat. Gradually sprinkle in the Pecorino Romano, tossing and stirring vigorously to create a creamy sauce. Add more reserved pasta water, a splash at a time, if the sauce is too thick.

Stage 06

Finish with butter: If desired, add butter and toss until melted and emulsified throughout the pasta.

Stage 07

Plate and serve: Serve immediately, topped with extra Pecorino Romano and additional cracked black pepper.

Necessary tools

  • Large pot
  • Skillet
  • Cheese grater
  • Tongs or pasta fork

Allergy details

Review each component for potential allergens and consider consulting with a healthcare provider if you're unsure about certain ingredients.
  • Contains milk from Pecorino Romano cheese
  • Contains gluten from pasta
  • Verify cheese labels for vegetarian rennet if dietary restriction applies

Nutritional information (per portion)

These values are estimates only and shouldn't replace professional medical guidance.
  • Energy Value: 480
  • Fats: 15 g
  • Carbohydrates: 65 g
  • Protein Content: 18 g